What is an ECMAScript?
ECMAScript (European Computer Manufacturers Association) Script is a specification for the scripting language standards. It has standardized Javascript which made Javascript the best implementation of ECMAScript.
Are Attributes and Property the same?
No. Attributes are something that can give more details on an element like id, type, value etc. Whereas, Property is the value assigned to the property like type="text", value='Name' etc.
List out the different ways an HTML element can be accessed in a Javascript code.
Here are the list of ways an HTML element can be accessed in a Javascript code,
(i) getElementById('idname'): Gets an element by its ID name
(ii) getElementsByClass('classname'): Gets all the elements that have the given classname.
(iii) getElementsByTagName('tagname'): Gets all the elements that have the given tag name.
(iv) querySelector(): This function takes css style selector (like #id/.classname/tagname) and returns the first selected element.
(v) querySelectorAll(): Similar to querySelector, this function returns a NodeList of html elements.
In how many ways a Javascript code can be involved in an HTML file?
The Javascript code can be involved in 3 ways (i) Inline (ii) Internal (iii) External
What are the new ways to define a variable in Javascript?
There are three possible ways of defining a variable in Javascript (i) var (which is used from the beginning) (ii) const (iii) let. The last two ways are the latest ways of defining a variable and are introduced in ES-2015(ES6 version).
What is a Typed Language?
Typed Language is in which the values are associated with values and not with variables. It is of two types:
Dynamically: in this, the variable can hold multiple types; like in JS a variable can take number, chars.
Statically: in this, the variable can hold only one type, like in Java a variable declared of string can take only set of characters and nothing else.
NOTE: Typescript is a superset of JS which is of typed language.
What does a typeof operator do?
The operator typeof gives the type of a variable/data available in it. The typeof operator can be used on Reference data types also.
Name some of the ways in which Type Conversion is possible.
Type Conversion is to convert from one data type to another data type.
(i) Number to String Conversion.
toString: Other data type to String.
val = (5).toString(); converts integer to string.
val = (true).toString(); converts boolean to string.
Convert from Number/Boolean/Date to String.
Number to String: String(9) converts num to string
Boolean to String: String(true) converts bool to str
Date to String: String(new Date()) date to string
Array to String: String([2,2,2]) Array to string.
(ii) String to Number Conversion.
parseInt: String to Int only (no decimals)
val = parseInt('11'); outputs 100 as number
val = parseFloat('22.22') outputs 22.22 as float
Convert from String/Boolean to Number/Date.
String to Number: Number('9') converts str - num
(9).toFixed(4) gives 9.0000 as the output
Boolean to Number: Number(true) converts to no.
Null to Number: Number(null) converts to no. (0)
Chars to Number: Number('ss') give NaN.
What will the following code output to the console:
console.log((function f(n){return ((n > 1) ? n * f(n-1) : n)})(10));
Explain your answer.
The code will output the value of 10 factorial (i.e., 10!, or 3,628,800).
Here’s why:
The named function f() calls itself recursively, until it gets down to calling f(1) which simply returns 1. Here, therefore, is what this does:
f(1): returns n, which is 1
f(2): returns 2 * f(1), which is 2
f(3): returns 3 * f(2), which is 6
f(4): returns 4 * f(3), which is 24
f(5): returns 5 * f(4), which is 120
f(6): returns 6 * f(5), which is 720
f(7): returns 7 * f(6), which is 5040
f(8): returns 8 * f(7), which is 40320
f(9): returns 9 * f(8), which is 362880
f(10): returns 10 * f(9), which is 3628800
Consider the code snippet below. What will the console output be and why?
(function(x) {
return (function(y) {
console.log(x);
})(2)
})(1);
The output will be 1, even though the value of x is never set in the inner function. Here’s why:
As explained in our JavaScript Hiring Guide, a closure is a function, along with all variables or functions that were in-scope at the time that the closure was created. In JavaScript, a closure is implemented as an “inner function”; i.e., a function defined within the body of another function. An important feature of closures is that an inner function still has access to the outer function’s variables.
Therefore, in this example, since x is not defined in the inner function, the scope of the outer function is searched for a defined variable x, which is found to have a value of 1.
What will the following code output to the console and why:
var hero = {
_name: 'John Doe',
getSecretIdentity: function (){
return this._name;
}
};
var stoleSecretIdentity = hero.getSecretIdentity;
console.log(stoleSecretIdentity());
console.log(hero.getSecretIdentity());
What is the issue with this code and how can it be fixed.
The code will output:
undefined
John Doe
The first console.log prints undefined because we are extracting the method from the hero object, so stoleSecretIdentity() is being invoked in the global context (i.e., the window object) where the _name property does not exist.
One way to fix the stoleSecretIdentity() function is as follows:
var stoleSecretIdentity = hero.getSecretIdentity.bind(hero);
Create a function that, given a DOM Element on the page, will visit the element itself and all of its descendents (not just its immediate children). For each element visited, the function should pass that element to a provided callback function.
The arguments to the function should be:
a DOM element
a callback function (that takes a DOM element as its argument)
Visiting all elements in a tree (DOM) is a classic Depth-First-Search algorithm application. Here’s an example solution:
function Traverse(p_element,p_callback) {
p_callback(p_element);
var list = p_element.children;
for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
Traverse(list[i],p_callback); // recursive call
}
}
Testing your this knowledge in JavaScript: What is the output of the following code?
var length = 10;
function fn() {
console.log(this.length);
}
var obj = {
length: 5,
method: function(fn) {
fn();
arguments[0]();
}
};
obj.method(fn, 1);
Output:
10
2
Why isn’t it 10 and 5?
In the first place, as fn is passed as a parameter to the function method, the scope (this) of the function fn is window. var length = 10; is declared at the window level. It also can be accessed as window.length or length or this.length (when this === window.)
method is bound to Object obj, and obj.method is called with parameters fn and 1. Though method is accepting only one parameter, while invoking it has passed two parameters; the first is a function callback and other is just a number.
When fn() is called inside method, which was passed the function as a parameter at the global level, this.length will have access to var length = 10 (declared globally) not length = 5 as defined in Object obj.
Now, we know that we can access any number of arguments in a JavaScript function using the arguments[] array.
Hence arguments[0]() is nothing but calling fn(). Inside fn now, the scope of this function becomes the arguments array, and logging the length of arguments[] will return 2.
Hence the output will be as above.
What are the components of the ASP.NET Ajax Client Library?
Following components are used in Ajax client library:
Component Layer
Core Services Layer
Browser Compatibility Layer
What are the controls of the Script Management group?
The controls of script Management group are:
ScriptManager
ScriptManagerProxy
How many types of ready states in Ajax?
There are four ready states in Ajax:
Initialization
Request
Process
Ready
What is the difference between RegisterClientScriptBlock, RegisterClientScriptInclude and RegisterClientScriptResource?
Following are the functions:
RegisterClientScriptBlock – The script is specified as a string parameter.
RegisterClientScriptInclude – By setting the source attribute to a URL that point to a script file.
RegisterClientScriptResource – specifies Resource name in an assembly. The source attribute is automatically populated with a URL by a call to an HTTP handler that retrieves the named script from the assembly.
ECMAScript (European Computer Manufacturers Association) Script is a specification for the scripting language standards. It has standardized Javascript which made Javascript the best implementation of ECMAScript.
Are Attributes and Property the same?
No. Attributes are something that can give more details on an element like id, type, value etc. Whereas, Property is the value assigned to the property like type="text", value='Name' etc.
List out the different ways an HTML element can be accessed in a Javascript code.
Here are the list of ways an HTML element can be accessed in a Javascript code,
(i) getElementById('idname'): Gets an element by its ID name
(ii) getElementsByClass('classname'): Gets all the elements that have the given classname.
(iii) getElementsByTagName('tagname'): Gets all the elements that have the given tag name.
(iv) querySelector(): This function takes css style selector (like #id/.classname/tagname) and returns the first selected element.
(v) querySelectorAll(): Similar to querySelector, this function returns a NodeList of html elements.
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| Syntel JavaScript Most Frequently Asked Latest Interview Questions Answers |
In how many ways a Javascript code can be involved in an HTML file?
The Javascript code can be involved in 3 ways (i) Inline (ii) Internal (iii) External
What are the new ways to define a variable in Javascript?
There are three possible ways of defining a variable in Javascript (i) var (which is used from the beginning) (ii) const (iii) let. The last two ways are the latest ways of defining a variable and are introduced in ES-2015(ES6 version).
What is a Typed Language?
Typed Language is in which the values are associated with values and not with variables. It is of two types:
Dynamically: in this, the variable can hold multiple types; like in JS a variable can take number, chars.
Statically: in this, the variable can hold only one type, like in Java a variable declared of string can take only set of characters and nothing else.
NOTE: Typescript is a superset of JS which is of typed language.
What does a typeof operator do?
The operator typeof gives the type of a variable/data available in it. The typeof operator can be used on Reference data types also.
Name some of the ways in which Type Conversion is possible.
Type Conversion is to convert from one data type to another data type.
(i) Number to String Conversion.
toString: Other data type to String.
val = (5).toString(); converts integer to string.
val = (true).toString(); converts boolean to string.
Convert from Number/Boolean/Date to String.
Number to String: String(9) converts num to string
Boolean to String: String(true) converts bool to str
Date to String: String(new Date()) date to string
Array to String: String([2,2,2]) Array to string.
(ii) String to Number Conversion.
parseInt: String to Int only (no decimals)
val = parseInt('11'); outputs 100 as number
val = parseFloat('22.22') outputs 22.22 as float
Convert from String/Boolean to Number/Date.
String to Number: Number('9') converts str - num
(9).toFixed(4) gives 9.0000 as the output
Boolean to Number: Number(true) converts to no.
Null to Number: Number(null) converts to no. (0)
Chars to Number: Number('ss') give NaN.
What will the following code output to the console:
console.log((function f(n){return ((n > 1) ? n * f(n-1) : n)})(10));
Explain your answer.
The code will output the value of 10 factorial (i.e., 10!, or 3,628,800).
Here’s why:
The named function f() calls itself recursively, until it gets down to calling f(1) which simply returns 1. Here, therefore, is what this does:
f(1): returns n, which is 1
f(2): returns 2 * f(1), which is 2
f(3): returns 3 * f(2), which is 6
f(4): returns 4 * f(3), which is 24
f(5): returns 5 * f(4), which is 120
f(6): returns 6 * f(5), which is 720
f(7): returns 7 * f(6), which is 5040
f(8): returns 8 * f(7), which is 40320
f(9): returns 9 * f(8), which is 362880
f(10): returns 10 * f(9), which is 3628800
Consider the code snippet below. What will the console output be and why?
(function(x) {
return (function(y) {
console.log(x);
})(2)
})(1);
The output will be 1, even though the value of x is never set in the inner function. Here’s why:
As explained in our JavaScript Hiring Guide, a closure is a function, along with all variables or functions that were in-scope at the time that the closure was created. In JavaScript, a closure is implemented as an “inner function”; i.e., a function defined within the body of another function. An important feature of closures is that an inner function still has access to the outer function’s variables.
Therefore, in this example, since x is not defined in the inner function, the scope of the outer function is searched for a defined variable x, which is found to have a value of 1.
What will the following code output to the console and why:
var hero = {
_name: 'John Doe',
getSecretIdentity: function (){
return this._name;
}
};
var stoleSecretIdentity = hero.getSecretIdentity;
console.log(stoleSecretIdentity());
console.log(hero.getSecretIdentity());
What is the issue with this code and how can it be fixed.
The code will output:
undefined
John Doe
The first console.log prints undefined because we are extracting the method from the hero object, so stoleSecretIdentity() is being invoked in the global context (i.e., the window object) where the _name property does not exist.
One way to fix the stoleSecretIdentity() function is as follows:
var stoleSecretIdentity = hero.getSecretIdentity.bind(hero);
Create a function that, given a DOM Element on the page, will visit the element itself and all of its descendents (not just its immediate children). For each element visited, the function should pass that element to a provided callback function.
The arguments to the function should be:
a DOM element
a callback function (that takes a DOM element as its argument)
Visiting all elements in a tree (DOM) is a classic Depth-First-Search algorithm application. Here’s an example solution:
function Traverse(p_element,p_callback) {
p_callback(p_element);
var list = p_element.children;
for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
Traverse(list[i],p_callback); // recursive call
}
}
Testing your this knowledge in JavaScript: What is the output of the following code?
var length = 10;
function fn() {
console.log(this.length);
}
var obj = {
length: 5,
method: function(fn) {
fn();
arguments[0]();
}
};
obj.method(fn, 1);
Output:
10
2
Why isn’t it 10 and 5?
In the first place, as fn is passed as a parameter to the function method, the scope (this) of the function fn is window. var length = 10; is declared at the window level. It also can be accessed as window.length or length or this.length (when this === window.)
method is bound to Object obj, and obj.method is called with parameters fn and 1. Though method is accepting only one parameter, while invoking it has passed two parameters; the first is a function callback and other is just a number.
When fn() is called inside method, which was passed the function as a parameter at the global level, this.length will have access to var length = 10 (declared globally) not length = 5 as defined in Object obj.
Now, we know that we can access any number of arguments in a JavaScript function using the arguments[] array.
Hence arguments[0]() is nothing but calling fn(). Inside fn now, the scope of this function becomes the arguments array, and logging the length of arguments[] will return 2.
Hence the output will be as above.
What are the components of the ASP.NET Ajax Client Library?
Following components are used in Ajax client library:
Component Layer
Core Services Layer
Browser Compatibility Layer
What are the controls of the Script Management group?
The controls of script Management group are:
ScriptManager
ScriptManagerProxy
How many types of ready states in Ajax?
There are four ready states in Ajax:
Initialization
Request
Process
Ready
What is the difference between RegisterClientScriptBlock, RegisterClientScriptInclude and RegisterClientScriptResource?
Following are the functions:
RegisterClientScriptBlock – The script is specified as a string parameter.
RegisterClientScriptInclude – By setting the source attribute to a URL that point to a script file.
RegisterClientScriptResource – specifies Resource name in an assembly. The source attribute is automatically populated with a URL by a call to an HTTP handler that retrieves the named script from the assembly.
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