Uniform Motion and Non-Uniform Motion Equations of Motion

PHYSICAL SCIENCE

MOTION

Uniform Motion and Non-Uniform Motion, Equations of Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, Laws of Motion.

Below are 200+ short-type questions and answers related to the concepts of Uniform Motion, Non-Uniform Motion, Equations of Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, and Laws of Motion in the context of Physical Science.

Uniform Motion and Non-Uniform Motion

Q1: What is uniform motion?

A1: Motion in which an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, regardless of how small the time intervals are.


Q2: What is non-uniform motion?

A2: Motion in which an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time.


Q3: How do you differentiate between uniform and non-uniform motion?

A3: Uniform motion has constant speed and direction, while non-uniform motion has varying speed or direction.


Q4: What does the distance-time graph of uniform motion look like?

A4: It is a straight line with a constant slope.


Q5: How is non-uniform motion represented on a distance-time graph?

A5: It is represented by a curved line.


Q6: What does a horizontal line on a distance-time graph indicate?

A6: It indicates that the object is at rest.


Q7: What does a steep slope on a distance-time graph indicate?

A7: It indicates a higher speed.


Q8: How does uniform motion appear on a velocity-time graph?

A8: As a horizontal line with constant velocity.


Q9: What does a curved line on a velocity-time graph represent?

A9: It represents non-uniform acceleration.


Q10: How is acceleration depicted in non-uniform motion?

A10: By varying slopes in the distance-time graph or by changing curvature in the velocity-time graph.

Equations of Motion

Q11: What are the three equations of motion for uniformly accelerated motion?

A11:

$v = u + at$$s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2$$v^2 = u^2 + 2as$


Q12: What does the equation $v = u + at$ represent?

A12: It represents the final velocity $v$ after time $t$ when an object starts with an initial velocity $u$ and accelerates at a constant rate $a$.


Q13: What does the equation $s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2$ calculate?

A13: It calculates the displacement $s$ of an object under constant acceleration $a$ after time $t$ starting with initial velocity $u$.


Q14: What does the equation $v^2 = u^2 + 2as$ find?

A14: It finds the final velocity $v$ when the displacement $s$ and the acceleration $a$ are known, along with the initial velocity $u$.


Q15: How do you use the equations of motion to solve a problem involving free fall?

A15: By substituting appropriate values for initial velocity (usually 0), acceleration (equal to gravity), and time or displacement into the equations.


Q16: If an object is thrown upwards, what is its initial velocity when it reaches the highest point?

A16: The initial velocity at the highest point is zero.


Q17: How do the equations of motion apply to horizontal projectile motion?

A17: They can be used for vertical motion (due to gravity) while horizontal motion is uniform with constant velocity.


Q18: What is the significance of $a = 0$ in the equations of motion?

A18: It indicates uniform motion with no acceleration.


Q19: How can you determine the time of flight of a projectile using the equations of motion?

A19: By using the vertical motion equation where displacement is equal to zero when the projectile returns to the initial height.


Q20: What does the term "displacement" refer to in the equations of motion?

A20: Displacement is the vector quantity representing the change in position of an object.

Uniform Circular Motion

Q21: What is uniform circular motion?

A21: Motion of an object moving in a circle with constant speed.


Q22: What remains constant in uniform circular motion?

A22: The speed of the object remains constant, but its velocity changes due to continuous change in direction.


Q23: What provides the centripetal force in uniform circular motion?

A23: The centripetal force is provided by forces such as tension, gravity, or friction, depending on the context.


Q24: What is the formula for centripetal acceleration?

A24: $a_c = \frac{v^2}{r}$, where $v$ is the speed and $r$ is the radius of the circle.


Q25: What is the formula for centripetal force?

A25: $F_c = \frac{mv^2}{r}$, where $m$ is the mass of the object.


Q26: How does the period of an object in uniform circular motion relate to its frequency?

A26: The period $T$ is the reciprocal of the frequency $f$, $T = \frac{1}{f}$.


Q27: What does the term "angular velocity" refer to in uniform circular motion?

A27: Angular velocity is the rate at which an object rotates around the center, given by $\omega = \frac{v}{r}$.


Q28: What is the relationship between linear velocity and angular velocity?

A28: $v = \omega r$, where $\omega$ is the angular velocity and $r$ is the radius.


Q29: How is the work done in uniform circular motion?

A29: The work done is zero because the force is always perpendicular to the direction of motion.


Q30: What happens to the centripetal force if the speed of an object in circular motion is doubled?

A30: The centripetal force becomes four times greater, as it is proportional to the square of the speed.

Laws of Motion

Q31: State Newton's First Law of Motion.

A31: An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.


Q32: What does Newton's Second Law of Motion state?

A32: The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration ($F = ma$).


Q33: State Newton's Third Law of Motion.

A33: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.


Q34: How does Newton's First Law relate to inertia?

A34: Inertia is the property of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, which is described by Newton's First Law.


Q35: What is the unit of force in the SI system?

A35: The unit of force is the Newton (N).


Q36: How is weight different from mass?

A36: Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object’s mass, while mass is the amount of matter in the object.


Q37: How do you calculate the net force acting on an object?

A37: By summing all the individual forces acting on the object, considering their directions.


Q38: What is meant by "acceleration due to gravity"?

A38: It is the acceleration experienced by an object due to the force of gravity, approximately $9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2$ on Earth.


Q39: How do you determine the resultant force acting on an object?

A39: By vectorially adding all the individual forces acting on the object.


Q40: What is the concept of momentum in physics?

A40: Momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity ($p = mv$).


Q41: What is the principle of conservation of momentum?

A41: In a closed system, the total momentum remains constant if no external forces are acting.


Q42: How does friction affect motion?

A42: Friction opposes the relative motion between surfaces in contact, reducing speed or causing deceleration.


Q43: What is impulse?

A43: Impulse is the product of force and the time interval during which it acts, and it equals the change in momentum.


Q44: How is impulse related to momentum?

A44: Impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object.


Q45: What is the difference between static and kinetic friction?

A45: Static friction acts when surfaces are not moving relative to each other, while kinetic friction acts when surfaces are sliding past each other.


Q46: What factors affect the magnitude of frictional force?

A46: The nature of the surfaces in contact and the normal force acting between them.


Q47: How is normal force related to weight?

A47: The normal force is equal to the weight of the object if the surface is horizontal.


Q48: What happens to the normal force on an inclined plane?

A48: It is less than the weight of the object and acts perpendicular to the inclined surface.


Q49: How does Newton's Second Law apply to circular motion?

A49: The centripetal force required for circular motion is $F = \frac{mv^2}{r}$, where $v$ is the speed and $r$ is the radius.


Q50: How can you use Newton's laws to solve a problem involving multiple forces?

A50: By drawing a free-body diagram, calculating the net force, and then using $F = ma$ to find acceleration or other unknowns.


Q51: What role does friction play in everyday life?

A51: Friction helps in walking, driving, and holding objects but also causes wear and energy loss.


Q52: How does air resistance affect motion?

A52: Air resistance opposes the motion of objects moving through the air, often reducing speed and affecting trajectory.


Q53: What is the difference between uniform and non-uniform acceleration?

A53: Uniform acceleration is constant over time, while non-uniform acceleration varies.


Q54: How do you calculate the acceleration of an object from a force-mass relationship?

A54: By rearranging Newton’s Second Law, $a = \frac{F}{m}$, where $F$ is the force and $m$ is the mass.


Q55: What effect does mass have on acceleration when a constant force is applied?

A55: Greater mass results in smaller acceleration, according to $a = \frac{F}{m}$.


Q56: What is the significance of the coefficient of friction?

A56: It quantifies the frictional force between two surfaces relative to the normal force.


Q57: How do you determine the net force acting on an object in equilibrium?

A57: The net force is zero because all forces are balanced.


Q58: What happens to the velocity of an object under uniform acceleration?

A58: The velocity increases linearly with time.


Q59: How does the direction of the force impact the motion of an object?

A59: The direction of the force determines the direction of the acceleration and thus the change in velocity.


Q60: How do you solve problems involving inclined planes?

A60: By resolving forces into components parallel and perpendicular to the plane and applying Newton’s laws.

Additional Questions

Q61: What is the relationship between displacement and velocity in uniform motion?

A61: Displacement is directly proportional to velocity and time.


Q62: How do you find the displacement in non-uniform motion?

A62: By integrating the velocity function with respect to time.


Q63: What is the impact of gravitational force on motion?

A63: It causes objects to accelerate downward, influencing their velocity and trajectory.


Q64: How is the concept of inertia demonstrated in everyday life?

A64: When a vehicle suddenly stops, passengers continue to move forward due to inertia.


Q65: How do you calculate the resultant velocity of two perpendicular vectors?

A65: By using the Pythagorean theorem: $v_r = \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2}$.


Q66: What is the effect of doubling the radius on centripetal acceleration?

A66: The centripetal acceleration is halved, as $a_c \propto \frac{1}{r}$.


Q67: How does the angle of inclination affect the normal force?

A67: The normal force decreases with increasing angle of inclination.


Q68: How is acceleration related to the force applied and the mass of an object?

A68: Acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to the mass.


Q69: What is the purpose of using a free-body diagram?

A69: To visually represent all the forces acting on an object to analyze and solve motion problems.


Q70: How do you determine the period of an object in uniform circular motion?

A70: By using the formula $T = \frac{2 \pi r}{v}$.


Q71: What is the role of gravity in projectile motion?

A71: Gravity affects the vertical component of the projectile’s motion, causing it to follow a parabolic trajectory.


Q72: How does the height of an inclined plane affect the acceleration of an object sliding down it?

A72: A steeper inclined plane results in greater acceleration due to increased component of gravitational force.


Q73: How is impulse calculated from a force-time graph?

A73: By finding the area under the force-time curve.


Q74: What is the significance of the area under a velocity-time graph?

A74: It represents the displacement of the object.


Q75: How does increasing speed affect the centripetal force in circular motion?

A75: The centripetal force increases as the square of the speed.


Q76: What does it mean for an object to be in equilibrium?

A76: The object is in equilibrium if the net force and net torque acting on it are zero.


Q77: How do you determine the change in momentum?

A77: By calculating the difference between final momentum and initial momentum.


Q78: How does a change in direction affect velocity?

A78: A change in direction results in a change in velocity, even if speed remains constant.


Q79: What factors affect the period of a pendulum?

A79: The length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity.


Q80: What is the formula for gravitational force?

A80: $F_g = \frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}$, where $G$ is the gravitational constant.


Q81: How do you find the acceleration of an object using Newton's Second Law?

A81: By dividing the net force by the mass of the object.


Q82: What does the slope of a velocity-time graph represent?

A82: The acceleration of the object.


Q83: How do you calculate the work done by a force?

A83: By multiplying the force by the distance moved in the direction of the force.


Q84: What is the principle of conservation of energy?

A84: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.


Q85: How does mass affect the gravitational force between two objects?

A85: The gravitational force increases with increasing mass of either or both objects.


Q86: How do you solve for final velocity using the work-energy theorem?

A86: By equating the work done to the change in kinetic energy.


Q87: How does the velocity of an object change when it is acted upon by an unbalanced force?

A87: The velocity changes in the direction of the unbalanced force, resulting in acceleration.


Q88: How is angular momentum related to rotational motion?

A88: Angular momentum is the rotational analog of linear momentum and is given by $L = I \omega$, where $I$ is the moment of inertia and $\omega$ is the angular velocity.


Q89: What factors influence the centripetal force required for an object in circular motion?

A89: The mass of the object, its speed, and the radius of the circle.


Q90: What does the term "equilibrium" mean in the context of forces?

A90: Equilibrium occurs when all forces acting on an object are balanced, resulting in no net force.


Q91: How does the concept of work relate to energy?

A91: Work done on an object results in a change in its energy.


Q92: How is the speed of an object related to its kinetic energy?

A92: Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the speed of the object.


Q93: How do you calculate the net work done on an object?

A93: By summing all the individual works done by the forces acting on the object.


Q94: What is the effect of friction on the total mechanical energy of a system?

A94: Friction reduces the total mechanical energy by converting some of it into heat.


Q95: How do you calculate the gravitational potential energy of an object?

A95: By using the formula $E_p = mgh$, where $m$ is mass, $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity, and $h$ is height.


Q96: What is the significance of the area under an acceleration-time graph?

A96: It represents the change in velocity of the object.


Q97: How does a change in mass affect the acceleration due to a constant force?

A97: Acceleration decreases as mass increases, according to $a = \frac{F}{m}$.


Q98: How do you determine the final speed of an object in free fall?

A98: By using the equation $v = u + gt$, where $u$ is the initial velocity, $g$ is acceleration due to gravity, and $t$ is time.


Q99: How does the angle of projection affect the range of a projectile?

A99: The range is maximum at a projection angle of 45 degrees.


Q100: How is the concept of equilibrium applied in structural engineering?

A100: Engineers ensure that all forces and moments are balanced to maintain stability in structures.


Q101: What is the effect of doubling the mass of an object on its weight?

A101: The weight of the object doubles, as weight is directly proportional to mass.


Q102: How is the time of flight for a projectile calculated?

A102: By using the formula $t = \frac{2u \sin \theta}{g}$, where $u$ is the initial velocity, $\theta$ is the angle of projection, and $g$ is acceleration due to gravity.


Q103: What is the role of tension in a rope in a pulley system?

A103: Tension transmits the force through the rope, affecting the motion of the objects connected by the pulley.


Q104: How does the concept of impulse apply to car safety features?

A104: Safety features like airbags increase the time of collision, reducing the impulse and force experienced by passengers.


Q105: What does a velocity-time graph with a positive slope indicate?

A105: It indicates constant acceleration.


Q106: How do you calculate the net force on an object in uniform circular motion?

A106: By using the formula $F_c = \frac{mv^2}{r}$, where $m$ is mass, $v$ is velocity, and $r$ is radius.


Q107: What is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy?

A107: Mechanical energy in a closed system remains constant if only conservative forces are acting.


Q108: How do you find the change in kinetic energy of an object?

A108: By calculating the difference between the final and initial kinetic energy.


Q109: What is the effect of increasing the radius on centripetal force?

A109: Increasing the radius decreases the centripetal force.


Q110: How does the direction of acceleration relate to the direction of the net force?

A110: The direction of acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force.


Q111: What is the effect of mass on the gravitational potential energy of an object?

A111: Greater mass results in greater gravitational potential energy, as $E_p = mgh$.


Q112: How does a change in velocity affect momentum?

A112: Momentum changes proportionally with velocity, as $p = mv$.


Q113: What factors influence the force of friction between two surfaces?

A113: The nature of the surfaces and the normal force acting between them.


Q114: How is the principle of inertia demonstrated in an object's motion?

A114: An object continues in its state of motion or rest unless acted upon by an external force.


Q115: What is the relationship between force and acceleration in Newton’s Second Law?

A115: Force is directly proportional to acceleration and mass, $F = ma$.


Q116: How does a frictional force affect an object in motion?

A116: It opposes the motion and reduces the object's speed.


Q117: What is the role of gravitational force in determining the weight of an object?

A117: Gravitational force acts on the mass of the object to determine its weight.


Q118: How do you calculate the centripetal force required for circular motion?

A118: By using $F_c = \frac{mv^2}{r}$.


Q119: What is the significance of Newton’s Third Law in understanding interactions between objects?

A119: It explains that forces always occur in equal and opposite pairs, ensuring balance in interactions.


Q120: How do you determine the acceleration of an object from a force-mass relationship?

A120: By using $a = \frac{F}{m}$, where $F$ is the net force and $m$ is the mass.


Q121: What is the impact of decreasing the radius on centripetal acceleration?

A121: Decreasing the radius increases centripetal acceleration.


Q122: How is the conservation of momentum applied in collisions?

A122: The total momentum before and after the collision remains constant if no external forces are acting.


Q123: How does the concept of work relate to energy changes in an object?

A123: Work done on an object results in a change in its energy.


Q124: What does a negative acceleration indicate about an object’s motion?

A124: It indicates that the object is decelerating or slowing down.


Q125: How do you find the net force acting on an object with multiple forces?

A125: By vectorially adding all the forces acting on the object.


Q126: What factors determine the magnitude of centripetal force in circular motion?

A126: The mass of the object, its speed, and the radius of the circular path.


Q127: How does the period of an object in uniform circular motion relate to its speed?

A127: The period is inversely proportional to the speed.


Q128: What is the role of normal force in determining frictional force?

A128: The normal force is directly proportional to the frictional force.


Q129: How is the work-energy principle used to solve problems involving forces and motion?

A129: By relating the work done by forces to changes in kinetic and potential energy.


Q130: What is the relationship between force and momentum in collision problems?

A130: The change in momentum is equal to the impulse, which is the product of force and time.


Q131: How does the concept of momentum apply to sports?

A131: Momentum helps in analyzing the motion of players and objects, such as in collisions or changes in direction.


Q132: What is the effect of increasing speed on the centripetal force required for circular motion?

A132: The centripetal force increases with the square of the speed.


Q133: How do you determine the velocity of an object from a distance-time graph?

A133: By calculating the slope of the distance-time graph.


Q134: How does the concept of equilibrium apply to analyzing forces in a system?

A134: It ensures that all forces and moments are balanced, resulting in no net force or torque.


Q135: What is the significance of the acceleration-time graph?

A135: It shows how acceleration changes over time and helps determine the change in velocity.


Q136: How do you calculate the displacement of an object from a velocity-time graph?

A136: By finding the area under the velocity-time graph.


Q137: What is the effect of friction on the efficiency of machines?

A137: Friction reduces efficiency by converting some energy into heat.


Q138: How do you solve problems involving multiple forces acting at different angles?

A138: By resolving forces into components and applying Newton's laws.


Q139: How is the concept of impulse related to force and time?

A139: Impulse is the product of force and the time interval during which the force acts.


Q140: What is the relationship between acceleration and net force in an object’s motion?

A140: Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object.


Q141: How do you find the kinetic energy of an object?

A141: By using the formula $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$.


Q142: What is the significance of the conservation of energy principle in physics?

A142: It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed, and is fundamental in solving problems involving energy changes.


Q143: How do you calculate the gravitational potential energy of an object?

A143: By using $E_p = mgh$, where $m$ is mass, $g$ is acceleration due to gravity, and $h$ is height.


Q144: What is the effect of changing the direction of a force on an object’s motion?

A144: Changing the direction of the force alters the direction of the acceleration and thus the motion of the object.


Q145: How does the concept of energy conservation apply to roller coasters?

A145: Roller coasters use gravitational potential energy at the top of the track, which converts to kinetic energy as they descend, with energy transformations occurring throughout the ride.


Q146: What role does friction play in preventing motion?

A146: Friction opposes the relative motion between surfaces, helping to prevent or resist movement.


Q147: How do you determine the net work done on an object by multiple forces?

A147: By calculating the work done by each force and summing them up.


Q148: What is the effect of increasing the mass of an object on its gravitational force?

A148: The gravitational force increases as mass increases, according to $F = mg$.


Q149: How do you solve problems involving conservation of momentum in collisions?

A149: By applying the principle that total momentum before the collision equals total momentum after the collision.


Q150: What is the effect of changing the angle of an inclined plane on the acceleration of an object?

A150: Increasing the angle increases the component of gravitational force parallel to the plane, resulting in greater acceleration.