Standard Generalized Markup Language marked the beginning of style sheets in 1980s.
What are the different variations of CSS ?
The variations for CSS are:
CSS 1
CSS 2
CSS 2.1
CSS 3
CSS 4
What are the limitations of CSS ?
Limitations are:
Ascending by selectors is not possible
Limitations of vertical control
No expressions
No column declaration
Pseudo-class not controlled by dynamic behavior
Rules, styles, targeting specific text not possible
What are the advantages of CSS ?
Advantages are:
Bandwidth
Site-wide consistency
Page reformatting
Accessibility
Content separated from presentation
What are CSS frameworks?
It is a pre-planned libraries, which allows easier and more standards-compliant webpage styling, using CSS language.
How block elements can be centered with CSS1?
Block level elements can be centered by:
The margin-left and margin-right properties can be set to some explicit value:
CSS
BODY {
width: 40em;
background: fluorescent;
}
P {
width: 30em;
margin-right: auto;
margin-left: auto
}
BODY {
width: 40em;
background: fluorescent;
}
P {
width: 30em;
margin-right: auto;
margin-left: auto
}
In this case, the left and right margins will be each, five ems wide since they split up the ten ems left over from (40em-30em). It was unnecessary for setting up an explicit width for the BODY element; it was done here for simplicity.
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Merits of Embedded Style Sheets:
Multiple tag types can be created in a single document.
Styles, in complex situations, can be applied by using Selector and Grouping methods.
Extra download is unnecessary.
Demerits of Embedded Style Sheets:
Multiple documents cannot be controlled.
Differentiate Class selector from ID selector?
While an overall block is given to class selector, ID selector prefers only a single element differing from other elements. In other words, ID are uniques while classes are not. Its possible that an element has both class and ID.
Can more than one declaration be added in CSS?
Yes, it can be achieved by using a semicolon.
What is Pseudo-elements ?
Pseudo-elements are used to add special effects to some selectors. CSS in used to apply styles in HTML mark-up. In some cases when extra mark-up or styling is not possible for the document, then there is a feature available in CSS known as pseudo-elements. It will allow extra mark-up to the document without disturbing the actual document.
How to overrule underlining Hyperlinks?
Control statements and external style sheets are used to overrule underlining Hyperlinks.
E.g.:
B {
text-decoration: none;
}
<B href="career.html" style="text-decoration: none">link text</B>
B {
text-decoration: none;
}
<B href="career.html" style="text-decoration: none">link text</B>
What does CSS selector mean?
A string equivalent of HTML elements by which declarations or a set of it, is declared and is a link that can be referred for linking HTML and Style sheet is CSS selector.
Enlist the media types CSS allows?
The design and customization of documents are rendered by media. By applying media control over the external style sheets, they can be retrieved and used by loading it from the network.
Differentiate logical tags from physical tags?
While physical tags are also referred to as presentational mark-up, logical tags are useless for appearances.
Physical tags are newer versions while logical tags are old and concentrate on content.
Differentiate Style Sheet concept from HTML?
While HTML provides easy structure method, it lacks styling, unlike Style sheets. Moreover, style sheets have better browser capabilities and formatting options.
Describe ‘ruleset’?
Ruleset : Selectors can be attached to other selectors to be identified by ruleset.
It has two parts:
Selector, e.g. R and
declaration {text-indent: 11pt}
Comment on the Case-sensitivity of CSS ?
Although, there are no case-sensitivity of CSS, nevertheless font families, URL’s of images, etc is. Only when XML declarations along with XHTML DOCTYPE are being used on the page, CSS is case -sensitive.
Define Declaration block?
A catalog of directions within braces consisting of property, colon and value is called declaration block.
e.g.: [property 1: value 3]
Define property?
A style, that helps in influencing CSS. E.g. FONT. They have corresponding values or properties within them, like FONT has different style like bold, italic etc.
What is Alternate Style Sheet?
Alternate Style Sheets allows the user to select the style in which the page is displayed using the view>page style menu. Through Alternate Style Sheet, user can see a multiple version of the page on their needs and preferences.
Are quotes mandatory in URL’s?
Quotes are optional in URL’s, and it can be single or double.
What is at-rule?
Rule, which is applicable in the entire sheet and not partly, is known as at-rule. It is preceded by @ followed by A-Z, a-z or 0-9.
How can CSS be cascaded to mix with user’s personal sheet?
Properties can be a set in recommended places and the document modified for CSS to mix with user’s personal sheet.
Enlist the various fonts’ attributes?
They are:
Font-style
Font-variant
Font-weight
Font-size/line-height
Font-family
Caption
Icon.