What Is .htaccess?
.htaccess files are configuration files of Apache Server which provide a way to make configuration changes on a per-directory basis.
Why Do We Use This And Where?
Using this “.htaccess” file, we can control “php.ini” and “httpd.conf” file.
How To Enable Php Parsing On Static Webpages (.html And .htm) Using .htaccess?
If you want to execute dynamic PHP code on otherwise static .html and .htm webpages, you need to enable PHP parsing on this type of webpage. To do this, simply add the following line to your .htaccess file and then you can include PHP code directly in the source code of your .html and .htm webpages. Make sure that you embed all PHP code inside opening and closing PHP tags (<?php and ?>).
AddType application/x-httpd-php .html .htm
Please note that you cannot use SSI and PHP parsing at the same time. But don´t worry: you can include PHP code in SSI enabled webpages, too. For this purpose you would need to paste the PHP code into a blank text document, save the file as whateveryoulike.php, upload it to your server and then include it with SSI:
<!–#include virtual=”path-to/whateveryoulike.php” –>
How To Ban Certain Ip Addresses From Accessing Your Site Using .htaccess?
Whatever the reasons are, sometimes you may want to ban certain IP addresses from accessing your website(s). This can easily be achieved by adding the following lines to your .
htaccess file (replace IP with the IP address you want to ban from accessing your site, f.ex. 123.33.64.1):
order allow,deny
deny from IP
allow from all
Of course, you can specify more than one IP addresses and also C or B class IPs – this way you would ban all IPs from the entire class. F.ex. deny from 125.30.5. would ban all the IPs that start with 125.30.5. (125.30.5.1, 125.30.5.2, etc …).
Add one IP per line in your .htaccess file like this:
order allow,deny
deny from 125.30.5.1
deny from 125.30.5.
allow from all
How To Protect Password Of Individual Directories On Your Site Using .htaccess?
If you are offering downloads from your site, you may want to place these into a subdirectory of your website and protect it with a password in order to prevent the downloads from unauthorized access. This way, you can allow access only for registered members or for your newsletter subscribers and also change the password from time to time.
Most webhosts offer this password protection feature directly in their control panels, so I recommend you log into your control panel and define usernames and passwords for the directories that you want to protect there, because this requires more than just editing the .htaccess file.
How To Redirect Http To Https?
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]
How To Redirect Http:// To Https://www?
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]
How To Redirect Non-www To Www ?
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]
How To Redirect All Pages To Newdomain?
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^olddomain.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://newdomain.com [R=301,L]
What Is Meaning Of R & L Flag In Htaccess?
htacces R flag causes a HTTP redirect to be issued to the browser and 301 means its permanent redirect.
htaccess L fag causes to stop processing the rule set, if the rule matches, no further rules will be processed.
Also we can set more than 2 flags in brackets []
More flags
How To Redirect Homepage To Another Website?
Redirect / http://www.web-technology-experts-notes.in/
How To Redirect To Another Directory Within Same Domain?
Redirect /olddir /newdir
How To Set Environment In .htaccess?
SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
How To Set The Php Config Variables In .htaccess?
php_value upload_max_filesize 32M
How To Set Display_error Off In .htaccess?
php_flag display_errors off
php_flag display_startup_errors off
How To Block Few Ip Address?
order allow,deny
deny from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx #specify a specific address
allow from all
How To Redirect To Error/404.html When 404 Errors Comes?
ErrorDocument 400 error/404.html
How To Set The Caching For Javascript/images/css?
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresByType application/javascript "now plus 3 day"
ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "now plus 3 day"
ExpiresByType image/jpg "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/png "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/pjpeg "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/gif "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 3 day"
What Is Meaning Of 301, 302, 400, 401, 403, 404 And 500 Error Codes?
301 - Permanent movement
302 - Temporary movement
400 - Bad request
401 - Authorization Required
403 - Forbidden
404 - Page Not Found
500 - Internal Server Error
How Does Rewritebase Works In .htaccess?
It is used to set a base URL for your rewrites rules.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /~new/
By setting the RewriteBase there in htaccess, you make the relative path come off the RewriteBase parameter.
What Can Be Done With .htaccess File?
Some examples of what can be done with a .htaccess file. They are all covered in this tutorial:
Define custom error pages
Banning certain IP addresses from accessing your site
redirecting users to other pages / sites
password protecting directories
enabling certain PHP modules
enabling SSI (server side includes)
How To Create .htaccess Files?
Creating a .htaccess file is very easy and can be done with any ASCII text editor like textpad or notepad. I´ve noticed that many people are confused about the strange filename. Well – actually this file doesn´t even have a name at all, it´s just a long file name extension – .htaccess. Hence, the DOT before “htaccess” is NOT a type.
To create a .htaccess file, simply open a new blank document in your favorite text editor and save the file as .htaccess. Some text editors (like notepad) do not support the Unix file format and therefore you won´t be able to save a file with the “.htaccess” extension only. In this case you can simply save the file as 1.htaccess or htaccess.txt and later (after you have uploaded it to your server) rename it to .htaccess through your FTP client.
How To Define Custom Error Pages Using .htaccess?
You can define your own error pages to improve the communication with your visitors in case something´s wrong with your site or if they are trying to access pages that are no longer available. Simply create a webpage for each of the error codes you like.
Here are some of the most common errors:
401 – Authorization Required – occurs when users try to access password protected pages without giving the correct credentials.
403 – Forbidden – occurs when users try to access a file (web document, script, graphic, etc …) whose file permissions do not allow the requested action (execute / read / write).
404 – Not Found – occurs when users try to access a webpage that doesn´t exist on your site.
500 – Internal Server Error.
You can name these custom error pages anything you like, but I recommend you choose file names that remind you of the function of each document (f.ex. notfound.html or 404.html for the 404 error page) and you can store them in any location on your server that has web access (either your root directory or a subdirectory). Then you can define these pages as custom error pages in your .htaccess file.
Supposing you have named your error pages 401.html, 404.html and 500.html and stored them in your website´s root directory, then you would add these lines to your .htaccess file:
ErrorDocument 401 /401.html
ErrorDocument 404 /404.html
ErrorDocument 500 /500.html
If you have named these pages “notfound.html”, “authorization.html” and “internalerror.html” and uploaded them to a subdirectory named “errorpages”, you would add this to your .htaccess file:
ErrorDocument 401 /errorpages/authorization.html
ErrorDocument 404 /errorpages/notfound.html
ErrorDocument 500 /errorpages/internalerror.html
How To Enable Ssi On Static Webpages (.html And .htm) Using .htaccess?
SSI (server side includes) provide a very flexible and easy way to update the content and style of certain parts (footer, header, sidebars, menus, ad blocks) of all your webpages by modifying a single file only. To learn more about SSI, read the SSI tutorial.
To enable SSI on static .html and .htm webpages, you need to add the following line to your .htaccess file. Please note that this only works if your webhost supports SSI.
for this, you have set the virtual host
Follow the following steps:
Step 1: Create a wildcard DNS entry
*.domain.com. 3600 A 127.0.0.1
Step 2: Setup the Virtual Host, in vhost file.
DocumentRoot "E:wampwwwmyproject"
ServerName myproject.domain.com
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Step 3: Now write your all codes in in Document Root path i.e.E:wampwwwmyproject
Step 4: Done, now you can access with myproject.domain.com
Do I Need To Restart The Apache After Changes In .htaccess?
No
.htaccess files are configuration files of Apache Server which provide a way to make configuration changes on a per-directory basis.
Why Do We Use This And Where?
Using this “.htaccess” file, we can control “php.ini” and “httpd.conf” file.
How To Enable Php Parsing On Static Webpages (.html And .htm) Using .htaccess?
If you want to execute dynamic PHP code on otherwise static .html and .htm webpages, you need to enable PHP parsing on this type of webpage. To do this, simply add the following line to your .htaccess file and then you can include PHP code directly in the source code of your .html and .htm webpages. Make sure that you embed all PHP code inside opening and closing PHP tags (<?php and ?>).
AddType application/x-httpd-php .html .htm
Please note that you cannot use SSI and PHP parsing at the same time. But don´t worry: you can include PHP code in SSI enabled webpages, too. For this purpose you would need to paste the PHP code into a blank text document, save the file as whateveryoulike.php, upload it to your server and then include it with SSI:
<!–#include virtual=”path-to/whateveryoulike.php” –>
How To Ban Certain Ip Addresses From Accessing Your Site Using .htaccess?
Whatever the reasons are, sometimes you may want to ban certain IP addresses from accessing your website(s). This can easily be achieved by adding the following lines to your .
htaccess file (replace IP with the IP address you want to ban from accessing your site, f.ex. 123.33.64.1):
order allow,deny
deny from IP
allow from all
Of course, you can specify more than one IP addresses and also C or B class IPs – this way you would ban all IPs from the entire class. F.ex. deny from 125.30.5. would ban all the IPs that start with 125.30.5. (125.30.5.1, 125.30.5.2, etc …).
Add one IP per line in your .htaccess file like this:
order allow,deny
deny from 125.30.5.1
deny from 125.30.5.
allow from all
How To Protect Password Of Individual Directories On Your Site Using .htaccess?
If you are offering downloads from your site, you may want to place these into a subdirectory of your website and protect it with a password in order to prevent the downloads from unauthorized access. This way, you can allow access only for registered members or for your newsletter subscribers and also change the password from time to time.
Most webhosts offer this password protection feature directly in their control panels, so I recommend you log into your control panel and define usernames and passwords for the directories that you want to protect there, because this requires more than just editing the .htaccess file.
How To Redirect Http To Https?
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]
How To Redirect Http:// To Https://www?
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]
How To Redirect Non-www To Www ?
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]
How To Redirect All Pages To Newdomain?
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^olddomain.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://newdomain.com [R=301,L]
What Is Meaning Of R & L Flag In Htaccess?
htacces R flag causes a HTTP redirect to be issued to the browser and 301 means its permanent redirect.
htaccess L fag causes to stop processing the rule set, if the rule matches, no further rules will be processed.
Also we can set more than 2 flags in brackets []
More flags
How To Redirect Homepage To Another Website?
Redirect / http://www.web-technology-experts-notes.in/
How To Redirect To Another Directory Within Same Domain?
Redirect /olddir /newdir
How To Set Environment In .htaccess?
SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development
How To Set The Php Config Variables In .htaccess?
php_value upload_max_filesize 32M
How To Set Display_error Off In .htaccess?
php_flag display_errors off
php_flag display_startup_errors off
How To Block Few Ip Address?
order allow,deny
deny from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx #specify a specific address
allow from all
How To Redirect To Error/404.html When 404 Errors Comes?
ErrorDocument 400 error/404.html
How To Set The Caching For Javascript/images/css?
ExpiresActive On
ExpiresByType application/javascript "now plus 3 day"
ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "now plus 3 day"
ExpiresByType image/jpg "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/png "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/pjpeg "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType image/gif "now plus 1 week"
ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 3 day"
What Is Meaning Of 301, 302, 400, 401, 403, 404 And 500 Error Codes?
301 - Permanent movement
302 - Temporary movement
400 - Bad request
401 - Authorization Required
403 - Forbidden
404 - Page Not Found
500 - Internal Server Error
How Does Rewritebase Works In .htaccess?
It is used to set a base URL for your rewrites rules.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /~new/
By setting the RewriteBase there in htaccess, you make the relative path come off the RewriteBase parameter.
What Can Be Done With .htaccess File?
Some examples of what can be done with a .htaccess file. They are all covered in this tutorial:
Define custom error pages
Banning certain IP addresses from accessing your site
redirecting users to other pages / sites
password protecting directories
enabling certain PHP modules
enabling SSI (server side includes)
How To Create .htaccess Files?
Creating a .htaccess file is very easy and can be done with any ASCII text editor like textpad or notepad. I´ve noticed that many people are confused about the strange filename. Well – actually this file doesn´t even have a name at all, it´s just a long file name extension – .htaccess. Hence, the DOT before “htaccess” is NOT a type.
To create a .htaccess file, simply open a new blank document in your favorite text editor and save the file as .htaccess. Some text editors (like notepad) do not support the Unix file format and therefore you won´t be able to save a file with the “.htaccess” extension only. In this case you can simply save the file as 1.htaccess or htaccess.txt and later (after you have uploaded it to your server) rename it to .htaccess through your FTP client.
How To Define Custom Error Pages Using .htaccess?
You can define your own error pages to improve the communication with your visitors in case something´s wrong with your site or if they are trying to access pages that are no longer available. Simply create a webpage for each of the error codes you like.
Here are some of the most common errors:
401 – Authorization Required – occurs when users try to access password protected pages without giving the correct credentials.
403 – Forbidden – occurs when users try to access a file (web document, script, graphic, etc …) whose file permissions do not allow the requested action (execute / read / write).
404 – Not Found – occurs when users try to access a webpage that doesn´t exist on your site.
500 – Internal Server Error.
You can name these custom error pages anything you like, but I recommend you choose file names that remind you of the function of each document (f.ex. notfound.html or 404.html for the 404 error page) and you can store them in any location on your server that has web access (either your root directory or a subdirectory). Then you can define these pages as custom error pages in your .htaccess file.
Supposing you have named your error pages 401.html, 404.html and 500.html and stored them in your website´s root directory, then you would add these lines to your .htaccess file:
ErrorDocument 401 /401.html
ErrorDocument 404 /404.html
ErrorDocument 500 /500.html
If you have named these pages “notfound.html”, “authorization.html” and “internalerror.html” and uploaded them to a subdirectory named “errorpages”, you would add this to your .htaccess file:
ErrorDocument 401 /errorpages/authorization.html
ErrorDocument 404 /errorpages/notfound.html
ErrorDocument 500 /errorpages/internalerror.html
How To Enable Ssi On Static Webpages (.html And .htm) Using .htaccess?
SSI (server side includes) provide a very flexible and easy way to update the content and style of certain parts (footer, header, sidebars, menus, ad blocks) of all your webpages by modifying a single file only. To learn more about SSI, read the SSI tutorial.
To enable SSI on static .html and .htm webpages, you need to add the following line to your .htaccess file. Please note that this only works if your webhost supports SSI.
How To Create Subdomains On The Fly Using .htaccess?
for this, you have set the virtual host
Follow the following steps:
Step 1: Create a wildcard DNS entry
*.domain.com. 3600 A 127.0.0.1
Step 2: Setup the Virtual Host, in vhost file.
DocumentRoot "E:wampwwwmyproject"
ServerName myproject.domain.com
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Step 3: Now write your all codes in in Document Root path i.e.E:wampwwwmyproject
Step 4: Done, now you can access with myproject.domain.com
Do I Need To Restart The Apache After Changes In .htaccess?
No
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